Code-based Plagiarism Detection Techniques

Code-based Plagiarism Detection Techniques Biraj Upadhyaya and Dr. Samarjeet Borah Abstract- The copying of programming assignments by students specially at the undergraduate as well as postgraduate level is a common practice. Efficient mechanisms for detecting plagiarised code is therefore needed. Text based plagiarism detection techniques do not work well with source codes. In this paper we are going to analyse a code- based plagiarism detection technique which is employed by various plagiarism detection tools like JPlag, MOSS, CodeMatch etc. Introduction The word Plagiarism is derived from the Latin word plagiarie which means to kidnap or to abduct. In academicia or industry plagiarism refers to the act of copying materials without actually acknowledging the original source[1]. Plagiarism is considered as an ethical offence which may incur serious disciplinary actions such as sharp reduction in marks and even expulsion from the university in severe cases. Student plagiarism primarily falls into two categories: text-based plagiarism and code-based plagiarism. Instances of text based plagiarism includes word to word copy, paraphrasing, plagiarism of secondary sources, plagiarism of ideas, plagiarism of secondary sources, plagiarism of ideas, blunt plagiarism or authorship plagiarism etc. Plagiarism is considered code based when a student copies or modifies a program required to be submitted for a programming assignment. Code based plagiarism includes verbatim copying, changing comments, changing white space and formatting, renaming ide ntifiers, reordering code blocks, changing the order of operators/ operands in expression, changing data types, adding redundant statement or variables, replacing control structures with equivalent structures etc[2]. Background Text based plagiarism detection techniques do not work well with a coded input or a program. Experiments have suggested that text based systems ignore coding syntax, an indispensable part of any programming construct thus posing a serious drawback. To overcome this problem code-based plagiarism detection techniques were developed. Code-based plagiarism detection techniques can be classified into two categories viz. Attributed oriented plagiarism detection and Structure oriented plagiarism detection. Attribute oriented plagiarism detection systems measure properties of assignment submissions[3]. The following attributes are considered: Number of unique operators Number of unique operands Total number of occurrences of operators Total number of occurrences of operands Based on the above attributes, the degree of similarity of two programs can be considered. Structure oriented plagiarism detection systems deliberately ignore easily modifiable programming elements such as comments, additional white spaces and variable names. This makes this system less susceptible to addition of redundant information as compared to attribute oriented plagiarism detection systems. A student who is aware of this kind of plagiarism detection system being deployed at his institution would rather complete the assignment by himself/herself instead of working on a tedious and time consuming modification task. Scalable Plagiarism Detection Steven Burrows in his paper Efficient and Effective Plagiarism Detection for Large Code Repositories[3] provided an algorithm for code -based plagiarism detection. The algorithm comprises of the following steps: Tokenization Figure: 1.0 Let us consider a simple C program: #include int main( ) { int var; for (var=0; var { printf(%dn, var); } return 0; } Table 1.0: Token list for program in Figure 1.0. Here ALPHANAME refers to any function name, variable name or variable value. STRING refers to double enclosed character(s). The corresponding token stream for the program in Figure 1.0 is given as SNABjSNRANKNNJNNDDBjNA5ENBlgNl Now the above token is converted to N-gram representation. In our case the value of N is chosen as 4. The corresponding tokenization of the above token stream is shown below: SNAB NABj ABjS BjSN jSNR SNRA NRAN RANK ANKN NKNN KNNJ NNJN NJNN JNND NNDD NDDB DDBj DBjN BjNA jNA5 NA5E A5EN 5ENB ENBl NBlg BlgN lgNl These 4-grams are generated using the sliding window technique. The sliding window technique generates N-grams by moving a â€Å"window† of size N across all parts of the string from left to right of the token stream. The use of N-grams is an appropriate method of performing structural plagiarism detection because any change to the source code will only affect a few neighbouring N-grams. The modified version of the program will have a large percentage of unchanged N-grams, hence it will be easy to detect plagiarism in this program . Index Construction The second step is to create an inverted index of these N-grams . An inverted index consists of a lexicon and an inverted list. It is shown below: Table 2.0: Inverted Index Referring to above inverted index for mango, we can conclude that mango occurs in three documents in the collection. It occurs once in document no. 31, thrice in document no. 33 and twice in document no. 15. Similarly we can represent our 4-gram representation of Figure 1.0 with the help of an inverted index. The inverted index for any five 4-grams is shown below in Table 3.0. Table 3.0: Inverted Index Querying The next step is to query the index. It is understandable that each query is an N-gram representation of a program. For a token stream of t tokens, we require (t − n + 1) N-grams where n is the length of the N-gram . Each query returns the ten most similar programs matching the query program and these are organised from most similar to least similar. If the query program is one of the indexed programs, we would expect this result to produce the highest score. We assign a similarity score of 100% to the exact or top match[3]. All other programs are given a similarity score relative to the top score . Burrows experiment compared against an index of 296 programs shown in Table 4.0 presents the top ten results of one N-gram program file (0020.c). In this example, it is seen that the file scored against itself generates the highest relative score of 100.00%. This score is ignored, but it is used to generate a relative similarity score for all other results. We can also see that the program 0103.c is very similar to program 0020.c with a score of 93.34% . Rank Query Index Raw Similarity File File Score Score Table 4.0: Results of the program 0020.c compared to an index of 296 programs. Comparison of various Plagiarism Detection Tools 4.1 JPlag: The salient features of this tool are presented below: JPlag was developed in 1996 by Guido Malpohl It currently supports C, C++, C#, Java, Scheme and natural language text It is a free plagiarism detection tool It is use to detect software plagiarism among multiple set of source code files. JPlag uses Greedy String Tiling algorithm which produces matches ranked by average and maximum similarity. It is used to compare programs which have a large variation in size which is probably the result of inserting a dead code into the program to disguise the origin. Obtained results are displayed as a set of HTML pages in a form of a histogram which presents the statistics for analyzed files CodeMatch The salient features of this tool are presented below: It was developed by in 2003 by Bob Zeidman and under the licence of SAFE Corporation This program is available as a standalone application. It supports 26 different programming languages including C, C++, C#, Delphi, Flash ActionScript, Java, JavaScript, SQL etc It has a free version which allows only one trial comparison where the total of all files being examined doesn’t exceed the amount of 1 megabyte of data It is mostly used as forensic software in copyright infringement cases It determines the most highly correlated files placed in multiple directories and subdirectories by comparing their source code . Four types of matching algorithms are used: Statement Matching, Comment Matching, Instruction Sequence Matching and Identifier Matching . The results come in a form of HTML basic report that lists the most highly correlated pairs of files. MOSS The salient features of this plagiarism detection tool are as follows: The full form of MOSS is Measure of Software Similarity It was developed by Alex Aiken in 1994 It is provided as a free Internet service hosted by Stanford University and it can be used only if a user creates an account The program can analyze source code written in 26 programming languages including C, C++, Java, C#, Python, Pascal, Visual Basic, Perl etc. Files are submitted through the command line and the processing is performed on the Internet server The current form of a program is available only for the UNIX platforms MOSS uses Winnowing algorithm based on code-sequence matching and it analyses the syntax or the structure of the observed files MOSS maintains a database that stores an internal representation of programs and then looks for similarities between them Comparative Analysis Table Conclusion In this paper we learnt a structured code-based plagiarism technique known as Scalable Plagiarism Detection. Various processes like tokenization, indexing and query-indexing were also studied. We also studied various salient features of various code-based plagiarism detection tools like JPlag, CodeMatch and MOSS. References Gerry McAllister, Karen Fraser, Anne Morris, Stephen Hagen, Hazel White http://www.ics.heacademy.ac.uk/resources/assessment/plagiarism/ Georgina Cosma , â€Å"An Approach to Source-Code Plagiarism Detection and Investigation Using Latent Semantic Analysis †, University of Warwick, Department of Computer Science, July 2008 Steven Burrows, â€Å"Efficient and Effective Plagiarism Detection for Large Code Repositories†, School of Computer Science and Information Technology , Melbourne, Australia, October 2004 Vedran Juric, Tereza Juric and Marija Tkalec ,†Performance Evaluation of Plagiarism Detection Method Based on the Intermediate Language †, University of Zagreb

Analyse the dramatic Essay

Analyse the dramatic importance of the end of act one of  Ã¢â‚¬ËœA View from the Bridge’  Aurther Miller is play writer of ‘A View from the Bridge’ who uses a range of technique to illustrate the importance of the play, such as stage directions and language.  At the end of act 1, Miller creates an atmosphere that Alfieri is weak where he says â€Å"I was so powerless† indicating that even a lawyer who should be confident on what to do, was clueless. Further to this there is a suspense tension on what will happen next, where Alfieri visits an old lady to question about the fate of Eddie Carbone. The last statement of Alfieri after his discussion with the lady ends with, â€Å"And so I waited here† which gives a sense to the audience that Alfieri himself fears that a disaster will happen and so we are curious and anxious to find out.  In the next part of the extract, it opens up as they are a big ecstatic family, as normally Catherine boosts about Rodolfo about what he did.† They went to Africa once. On a fishing boat (Eddie Glances at her) its true Eddie† representing Eddie doesn’t really want to know what they did. As the family talk about what the 2 submarines, Rodolfo doest want to contribute in the conversation therefore he sits near Catherine while she is â€Å"reading a magazine† On stage while they were Talking about fishing boats Eddie especially concentrates on what Marco says and replies back to him in a very quick speed, â€Å"Marco: sardines. Eddie: sure. (laughing) how are you gonna catch sardines on a hook?† Seeing that the 2 boys were having an argument. Beatrice steps in and tries to change the subject.  The mood and atmosphere is very cheerful as Catherine goes on about Rodolfo’s adventure. Eddie then jokes about that they â€Å"paint oranges to make them look like oranges† Marco then reacts to eddies joke thinking that he is telling the truth. Rodolfo is helping his brother by changing the subject â€Å"lemons are green† there becomes a conflict between Rodolfo and Eddie .he therefore reveals his ignorance â€Å"for Christ sake†

Genetic Engineering and the Law Essay

To understand the ethical implications of genetic engineering, we must first understand what genetic engineering is. Genes are units that code for specific characteristics. Such characteristics are hair and eye colour and we inherit these from our parents. It is chromosomes in the cell nuclei than enable your body to inherit features or, more specifically, it is the DNA that makes up the chromosomes that forms a unique genetic code for every human being (apart from identical twins). It is estimated that the human body has around 50,000 to 100,000 different genes contained inside, some of which have been linked to certain diseases. Scientists claim to have identified 4,000 conditions that are linked to just one fault or defect in a persons genetic makeup, which is where genetic engineering comes in. At present a project is taking place to identify the function of every gene in the human body. ‘The Human Genome Project’ aims to uncover the cause for many diseases and find a cure for them. One such way, is genetic engineering. Genetic engineering, as a cure for disease, is the removal of a defective gene sequence and the remodelling of it. But this isn’t the only definition given for genetic engineering. Compassion in World Farming describes it as ‘the taking of genes from one species of plant or animal and inserting them into a completely different species’. It is obvious, therefore, that genetic engineering is used for different things, in different situations. In this essay I will look at some of the varying uses genetic engineering has in today’s world and the ethical implications of such uses. Genetic Engineering and the Law At present human cloning is illegal in the UK, although there are many countries were such a law does not exist. And although, technically, it may be possible to clone humans in the way animals have been, the Act of Parliament strictly forbids ‘ever doing with human eggs what we have done with sheep eggs’ Dr Ron James Head of PPL Therapeutics. Nor are scientists allowed to mass produce human eggs for in-vitro fertilisation- something that many scientists have been pushing for for years. Genetically modified crops are also strictly controlled by the law. Such UK laws include: The Genetically Modified Organisms (Contained Use) Regulations 1992 and The Genetically Modified Organisms (Deliberate Release) Regulations 1992. These laws are in addition to the standard For Safety Act which specifies that food ‘must be fit for consumption’. Several government bodies have been set up to assess and regulate GM foods including ACNFP, COT, FAC and, the most important, The Department of Environment. The DOE requires tat anyone proposing a release must apply to them for consent first. It is then advised by the Advisory Committee on Release to the Environment on the granting of consents. At a European level, the Regulation on Novel Foods and Food Ingredients was introduced in May 1997 and covers labelling of foods ‘no longer equivalent’ to it’s conventional counterparts. But despite the introduction of laws, many people are still unhappy, and are pushing for further action. For example the CIWF believe GM meat should be clearly labelled, although they also say it should not be sold in the first place. They see the genetic engineering of farm animals for food as cruel and unnecessary. But the question remains: are they right? Few people know the implications of genetic engineering and what it really involves and many are ignorant of what to expect from GM. Genetic Engineering and Animals/ Humans Everyone knows the story of the first cloned animal. The Finn Dorset sheep, known as Dolly, was the first new-born mammal to be cloned from adult cells and is a miracle for scientists the world over. She had opened many new windows of opportunity for scientists who hope to soon be able to clone humans using the same technology. The possibilities really are endless. A single cell from an elite racehorse could be used to create hundreds of identical copies, each with the same elite genetic makeup. However pleasing this heady new discovery is, there is a widespread argument over whether or not cloning is right. Is it simply a wonderful new way to develop a generation of disease-free animals and humans or is it tampering with nature and playing God? Many people see it as the answer to all problems, that screening can reveal vital information about a person’s life span and health future. Genetic engineering could, in theory, identify genetic defects early on, giving time to replace the faulty gene and cure the sufferer. Predicting disease is a major use for genetic engineering and one that could change the way we live forever. At present scientist are working on a genetic test known as the GeneChip. They claim in a few years doctors will be able to take a simple mouth swab and, using the GeneChip, look through your DNA for disease prospects. Although they have come under fire from their critics, geneticists argue that anyone is entitled to know what their future holds for the health-wise. Indeed they say the information can be vital for planning out the rest of your life if, for example, you are a woman with a likelihood to develop breast cancer. Pre-natal diagnosis is also another option that could soon be open to the public. Parents could be made aware of any flaws there may be in their child’s DNA and could decide whether or not to carry on with the pregnancy. Genetic engineering could also be used to grow substances like human insulin and growth hormone on a huge level. Currently scientists are looking at introducing blood-clotting genes for haemophiliacs and purifying milk from GM sheep for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. They are also hoping to study presently incurable diseases in the hope they might be able to introduce a cure using genetic engineering. There are also high hopes for animals in genetic engineering. Transgenic animals (or those that have been given a gene from another animal) have many uses. They can produce more meat and milk, feeding the starving, and they can grow faster, with the possibility of less fatty meat. They can be bred to resist disease, but also develop disease so they might be tested on for further research. A biotechnology firm in Cambridge is working on a transgensic pig that could be bred to grow desperately needed organs for transplant into human beings. The technique can also be used to ‘knock out genes’, deleting proteins so that they might prevent BSE in cows. But it isn’t all good news for genetic engineering, in fact there is a lengthy and strong argument as to why it is dangerous to go to take it to these levels. Many have disagreed with the predicting of disease, saying that many people may not be able to cope with the knowledge that they may contract a terminal disease- it could ruin lives. Also there has been widespread outcry over the Association of Insurance Brokers’ announcement that it will not offer life insurance over i 100,100 to anyone who had taken a genetic test that had predicted fatal disease and since 1995 there has been pressure form MP’s to develop a code of practise concerning genetic screening. There are also fears of employers discriminating against potential employees who have the potential for life threatening illness in later life. Although scientists hope genetic engineering will provide many choices for parents, the BMA has voiced it’s concerns that the industry will cause ‘selective breeding’ or the choice to abort a baby because of undesirable characteristics such as physical traits. The BMA have also said people have been mislead about the power to screen for later abnormalities. It says ‘The number of abnormalities which can be detected in this way is limited and few of the tests are conclusive’. The problem many people have with genetic engineering is the risk of error that is involved. Screening is complex and it is difficult to be precise every time. Faulty diagnosis could put an end to job prospects or insurance benefits, not to mention the psychological problems arising from finding out you have the potential to contract a fatal disease.

The s Theory Of Political Economy - 795 Words

Originally coined by Bernhard London (1932) in the context of the Great Depression, up to this date there is no generally accepted definition of planned obsolescence. According to a common definition by Tim Cooper, planned obsolescence is â€Å"the outcome of a deliberate decision by suppliers that a product should no longer be functional or desirable after a predetermined period† (Cooper, 2010, p. 4). Another frequently cited definition was formulated by industrial designer Brooks Stevens: â€Å"Instilling in the buyer the desire to own something a little newer, a little better, a little sooner than is necessary† (cit. in Adamson, 2003, p. 4). Whereas the former definition emphasises the planning involved in designing products, the latter foregrounds the manipulation of consumer desires and implicitly argues that these desires have become detached from actual human needs. What is frequently overlooked, however, is the inherent critique of capitalism in the narrative of planned obsolescence and how strongly it builds upon Marx s theory of political economy.1 Marx was already well aware of the fact that even perfectly functioning goods can lose their value and become obsolete, a phenomenon he termed â€Å"moral depreciation† (1992, p. 264). To Marx, the reason for this lies in the capitalist logic of accumulation, which forces manufacturers to constantly innovate and modernise their means of production. The higher production capacity resulting from this, however, can only be maintainedShow MoreRelatedDemography s Classic Transition Theory1464 Words   |  6 PagesDemography s classic-transition theory furthers the modernization narrative that is central to this argument. The theory presents a three-phase timeline to explain the reproductive history of all nations. 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Management Theories - 1655 Words

Organization and Management Theories Heather Lunn-Howard HCS/514 11/3/2014 Jeani Thomas In this paper I will give an overview of four areas of management theory: Scientific Management, Human relations Theory, Bureaucracy, and administrative science. Along with some background on where each theory came from. Scientific Management Frederick Taylor, with his theories of Scientific Management, helped mold our modern management styles. In the early 1900s, Frederick Taylor pushed for change from the personal management to a new idea of scientific management. Under personal management, a person in charge was chosen simply because they were smart and knew more and possible had more experience than the†¦show more content†¦While Taylors impacts were the establishment of the industrial engineering, quality control and personnel departments, the human relations movement allowed for change in the way management was leading their workers. We still see this as a big part of today’s management styles. Bureaucracy About the same time as the Hawthorne experiments were ongoing, Max Weber was pushing away from value-oriented thinking and action as a result of emotions.. He believed that a society was seeking technology over human emotions and thinking. Weber developed a set of principles for the ideal bureaucracy strictly managing companies by the book. He felt that setting official jurisdictional areas, dictating a firm chain of command, and written policies along with thorough and expert training would make the best environment for any company to work. Weber felt that having these things in place would eliminate the need for management to have to make choices. The choices on how to deal with all situations would be in the written policies. Weber believed this would meet the company’s goals in the most efficient manner possible. Weber saw his environment transitioning from older emotion and tradition driven values to technological ones. It is unclear if he realized the effects of bu reaucracy on a growing government or the military at the time. If he had he might have realized that theShow MoreRelatedTerror Management Theory1289 Words   |  6 Pagesboth humans and animals, the understanding of one’s own mortality is uniquely human. How do we, as humans, deal with the terror that is associated with this knowledge? According to Terror Management Theory (TMT), developed by Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, and Tom Pyszczynski (1989), the need for â€Å"terror management† is a fundamental function possessed by humans and cultural systems. Based on the writings of anthropologist Ernest Becker and inspired by Freud’s work on how death provokes belief in mysticalRead MoreManagement Theory And Management Theories1254 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of developing the management theories is to bring out better ways to manage people. According to Aguinaldo Powell (2002), management theory evolves con-stantly with the continuous stream of new ideas that come from the attempts to transform theory into practice, and vice versa. As essential personnel identify promising methods that assist in managing responsibilities, it will lead to management theories progressing. This paper will il-lustrate how management theories have emerged over theRead MoreManagement Theory And Management Theories1272 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of developing the management theories is to bring out better ways to manage people. 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One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey - 1122 Words

Ken Kesey’s, One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest, is a suspenseful composition with an undertone theme of the fact that society is controlled and that the physical perception does not determine the stature of a person. The protagonist, Chief Bromden, is a perfect example of a victim of this theme. Chief Bromden, immaturely nicknamed â€Å"Chief Broom† because the aides (or black boys) make him sweep the halls, narrates the story. Although he says that he is telling the story about â€Å"the hospital, and her, and the guys—and about McMurphy,† he is showing us the real view of people as opposed to the character they try to portray. When the novel begins, Bromden is paranoid, bullied, and surrounded much of the time by the fog that represents his want†¦show more content†¦The collective Unconscious is literally the unconscious part of your mind that exhibits your natural reactions and behavior. All characters in the book major or minor have been able to display behavior as to where we can determine their specific archetype. We’ll start with Chief Bromden. His characteristics include; quiet behavior, acting like he is deaf, barely uses his potential but has the physical appearance of a defender. Bromden’s characteristics seem to most fit thought the story, the Threshold Guardian. The Threshold Guardian endures a test that the hero’s courage and worthiness has to be proved to begin the journey. Bromden’s journey from this perspective did not start until he finally responds to his testing in chapter 25. Bromden’s test was to speak. â€Å"One night McMurphy finds Chief Bromden awake and talks to him. He wonders where he gets his chewing gum, for Chief Bromden never visits the canteen, but then realizes that the Chief chews already-used gum. McMurphy gives Bromden a new pack of Juicy Fruit; he tries to actually speak the words â€Å"Thank yo u.† McMurphy tells Bromden that he once had a job picking beans. Since he was the only kid there, McMurphy never said a word, but he listened intently and, on the last day, revealed all that he heard and created a disturbance. McMurphy wonders if Chief Bromden is doing the same thing, but he admits to McMurphy that he could not tellShow MoreRelatedOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe portrayal of women and minorities in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey, shows readers the opinions of a majority of the population during the 1960s in which women in power were ridiculed. The book’s antagonist Nurse Ratched is presented as machine-like, and robotic. This shows how author Ken Kesey dehumanizes women who are in power, and decides to take away all their feminine qualities when they are in power because to Kesey it simply doesn t make sense that a female can beRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey 1925 Words   |  8 PagesPatient: Bromden, Chief For many years in modern history, what occurred in mental institutions were not well known and discussed about widely. One book that actually brought the reality of what happens inside mental institutions to public attention was the book entitled â€Å"One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest† written by Ken Kesey. The book shows the lives of the people residing in an Oregon mental asylum through the perspective of the patient named Chief Bromden. In the book, it isn’t stated exactly whatRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1860 Words   |  8 PagesThe book titled, â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest† written by Ken Kesey is what I chose to read and evaluate. 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Cheating and Plagiarism Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.How does the Student Services Office Familiarize the Students? 2.What is the Penalty for Cheating?3.What kind of activities does the text list?4.What is Plagiarism according to the text? Is paraphrasing a text closely accepted? Why? 5.Is it academically acceptable to submit the work without citing references? 6.What shall you do if you want to include data taken from other students research? 7. Where can we find out more about student conduct codes?8. What is the purpose of the author? Persuade, entertain, or inform? 9.What is your opinion on Plagiarism? Answers: Introduction 1.The University Code of Student Conduct helps the students to get familiar with the University, its policies, and regulations as well as the constituted bodies. Apart from imparting education, colleges and universities play a major role in shaping the character of the students by instilling discipline in them within the restrictive rules of the university or college (Longshore, 2015). Student Conduct Committee exercise the disciplinary authority and provides copies of the student conduct code. 2.Academic dishonesty is strongly condemned by the University, and there are strong penalties for cheating and plagiarism. According to the Student Conduct Code, any student caught cheating or violating the Student Conduct Code could fail the course or face expulsion. 3.The different activities that fall under cheating include getting unauthorized information, giving unapproved help or using unauthorized sources of information during an examination. Any alteration or falsification of records, grades, answers after an examination or misrepresentation of the facts or falsification of any official University record is considered to be cheating. 4.Plagiarism is much more than copying and borrowing. The universities place great importance in the seriousness of the offense where one can steal the words of another or use information without crediting the source. In other words, plagiarism is a literary theft (What Is Plagiarism, 2014). It is submitting an academic paper that carries someone elses work without giving credit to the original source or author. 5.Paraphrasing is defined as creating a text of another author in your own words. The question arises as to how different the paraphrase must be from the original to be to be called your own. Paraphrasing of a text is closely accepted if the words and language of the author have been sufficiently modified so that they carry a new context and purpose (Successful vs. Unsuccessful paraphrases, 2017). More importantly, the paraphrased text must reference the original author. As academic assignment will require academic sources and literature, it wont be academically acceptable to present the work without citing references. One must properly cite the source when making use of intellectual property of another author. 6.When including data taken from other students research, one must look for the author who is behind the creation of the experimental data and give him the due credit. Not referencing the author would mean plagiarism. 7.Student Conduct Committee provides copies of the student conduct code. One can always find more information from the University office, staff or their Policy Directory. Students need to understand and follow those Conduct Codes to keep away from any alleged violation of the rules. The university and college want them to be the proud members of their community and protect the reputation of their faculty, programs, and services, through the student conduct codes. 8.The purpose of the author is to educate the student about plagiarism and motivate them to keep away from creating plagiarized work. It is necessary for the students to understand what plagiarism is before they do any academic assignments and follow the student conduct codes carefully. It is observed that the re are many students how still havent understood what plagiarism is and how to avoid plagiarism or why it is a serious offense. The author provides information related to plagiarism and convinces the students that this is an important part of the University Code of Student Conduct. He conveys to the students the gravity of the issue and why it is a serious crime in their academic world. Thus, the prime motive is educating and motivating the students to give plagiarized free work. 9.Plagiarism, in my opinion, is a serious offense in the academic and literary world. Students should be encouraged to keep away from plagiarism by the college and the teaching staff. Plagiarized work reflects poorly not just on the student but also his education. He is not learning anything. The teachers must design their assignments carefully to make them interesting and motivate the students to conduct research properly when obtaining material. The definition of plagiarism should be presented in a much stronger way, and students should feel the seriousness of it as a crime in academics. If one is caught for plagiarism, they fail the course, if they are not caught, they fail themselves. References Longshore, Emily. (2015). Student Conduct Codes at Religious Affiliated Institutions: Fostering Growth. University of South Carolina, 1(1), 1108. Successful vs. unsuccessful paraphrases. (2017). Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Retrieved from https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/QPA_paraphrase.html What Is Plagiarism? (2014). Paradigms, LLC.,Retrieved from https://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/